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Posts mit dem Label climate change werden angezeigt. Alle Posts anzeigen

Mittwoch, 18. April 2012

WorldPressPhoto...Ein Gewinnerbild...Jenny Ross' Climbing Polar Bear

Cliff-Climbing Polar Bear Attempting to Eat Seabird Eggs
30 July 2011
 source

In der Kategorie "Natur - Einzelfoto" gewann dieses Bild von der US-Amerikanerin Jenny E. Ross den ersten Preis. Es zeigt einen männlichen Eisbären, der an einer Klippe der russischen Doppelinsel Nowaja Semlja auf der Jagd nach Trottellummeneiern ist. Die Inseln liegen westlich der innereurasischen Grenze im Nordpolarmeer.

A male polar bear climbs precariously on the face of a cliff above the ocean at Ostrova Oranskie in northern Novaya Zemlya, attempting to feed on seabird eggs. This bear was marooned on land and unable to feed on seals--its normal prey--because sea ice had melted throughout the region and receded far to the north as a result of climate change.

This photo of Jenny Ross won in the category Nature, Singles.

 Die Ausdehnung des arktischen Meereises im September 2011 war mehr als 2,43 Millionen Quadratkilometer unter dem Durchschnitt, der von 1979 bis 2000 dokumentiert wurde. Das Eis ist ebenfalls in der Dicke dramatisch gesunken, anfällig für weiteres Schmelzen. Im September 2011 war nach einer Schätzung von Wissenschaftlern das Gesamtvolumen an arktischem Meereisder das niedrigste überhaupt - es lag bei 66% unter dem durchschnittlichen Volumen von 1979 bis 2010.
The arctic sea ice extent in September 2011 was more than 2.43 million square kilometers below the average documented from 1979 through 2000. The ice has also decreased dramatically in thickness, making it more vulnerable to further melting. In September 2011, the total arctic sea ice volume estimated by scientists was the lowest ever – 66% lower than the average volume from 1979 through 2010.

Jenny Ross ist keine Unbekannte, wenn es um das Dokumentieren der Überlebensstrategien von Eisbären geht, ebenfalls letztes Jahr habe ich bereits eine ganze Serie ihrer Fotos heruntergeladen, in denen es einmal mehr um Kannibalismus bei Eisbären geht, ein Phänomen, das traurigerweise in den letzten 8 Jahren immer häufiger beobachtet wird. -

Jenny Ross is no stranger when it comes to documenting the survival strategies of polar bears, only some months ago I downloaded a whole series of her photographs related once again to cannibalism in polar bears, a phenomenon which sadly has become more frequent during the past 8 years. -

A polar bear drags the corpse of a tiny polar bear cub that it has caught and killed. Cannibalism is not unknown in polar bears - scientists have recently observed that the behaviour is on the increase among the animals
source

" So wie das Eis verschwindet, so verschwinden auch die Eisbären", sagt Amstrup.Forschung durch Amstrup und Kollegen haben gezeigt,dass, wenn die gegenwärtige Tendenz anhält, wird mindestens zwei Drittel des weltweiten Eisbärenbestands innerhalb der nächsten 40 Jahre verschwinden, und der Rest wahrscheinlich bis zum Jahr 2100."

“As the sea ice goes, so goes the polar bear,” says Amstrup. Research by Amstrup and colleagues has shown that if current trends persist, at least two-thirds of the world’s polar bears will vanish within the next 40 years, and the rest are likely to disappear by 2100."

 Polar Bear Swimming in the Chukchi Sea

Während eines Sturms in der russischen Chukchi-See, kämpfte eine erwachsene Eisbärin damit, ihren Kopf über den Wellen zu behalten. Schwimmen in rauer See fern vom Land, und noch weiter weg vom nächsten Meereis, ist sie mit einem ungewissen Schicksal konfrontiert.

"During a storm in Russia’s Chukchi Sea, an adult female polar bear struggled to keep her head above the waves. Swimming in rough seas far from land, and even farther from the nearest sea ice, she faced an uncertain fate."

Please read Jenny Ross' article about "The Plight of the Ice Bear"


Sources:
- Nature at its most savage.../Daily Mail 09.12.2011
- Polar Bears and Cannibalism Revisited/Discovery News 08.12.2011
- The Plight of the Ice Bear/National Geographic 10.01.2012

Related:

All photos © Jenny Ross 

Samstag, 31. März 2012

Earth Hour 2012...This evening - Just switch off your lights


Es ist wieder soweit, heute abend zwischen 20.30 Uhr und 21.30 Uhr sollten überall auf der Welt die Lichter ausgehen. Auch viele Zoos machen mit, wie hier der Toronto Zoo in Kanada oder der Alaska Zoo, also nicht vergessen und einfach mitmachen....-

No big explanations needed here, just don't forget to switch off the lights as every lst Saturday in March since 2007.
Some zoos participate too with candle events like the Alaska Zoo or Toronto where all essential lights will be switched off in regard for the polar bears threatened so obviously by our carbon emissions...



That was in 2010...
A picture of 1600 pandas exposed in Boulogne/Billancourt (France) on Saturday, 27th March 2010 on the occasion of Earth Hour to raise awareness about the consequences of our carbon prints on nature's wild life. The 1600 pandas represented the number estimated in 2004 of the remaining population in the wild in China...

This pic was in my archive...

OK, Knut is dead, but on days like this I can't help than thinking that he was not such a bad ambassador in the fight against CO2 emmissions...
There is NO zoo NOT mentioning anymore the deadly connection between climate change, our consumption and way to handle resources, and the future of polar bears in the wild.

All polar bears have become ambassadors -
And it's our turn to make a difference..., not just today.
Related:
- Beijing Marks Earth Hour on March 31 (it's also about an interesting sticker)

Freitag, 2. September 2011

Arctic Summer Tales 2011...Cliffhanger Part 2

Letztes Jahr habe ich ein paar Beiträge zum Thema Arktischer Sommer gepostet, dies bietet sich dieses Jahr wieder an, es gibt eine Reihe Artikel und Fotos, in denen es um Bären in diesem Sommer geht. Beginnen möchte ich mit diesen Fotos, die mich sofort an letztes Jahr erinnert haben, die gleichen Protagonisten, nur ein anderer Ort....-

Last year I posted some articles on the topic Arctic Summer, I will follow this tradition as there are new articles and photos featuring bears in the wild during this summer. And off we go with stunning photos reminding me on a similar event in Canada last year with the same protagonists, just the location has changed...

The bear who dared:
Awesome polar animal descends 300ft cliff in a bid to scavenge eggs from some VERY surprised birds

Staunende Touristen von einem Eisbrecher und ein Eisbär in schwindelerregender Höhe
Stunned tourists vacationing on an ice-breaker watching a polar bear in dizzying heights


"Es war ein wirklich schöner Ort, sehr neblig, kühl und ruhig mit einem Himmel voll von kreischenden Seevögeln. Wir umrundeten eine Ecke und plötzlich sahen wir einen weißen Klecks hoch oben auf einer Klippe. Die Klippen waren mindestens so hoch wie ein 5 stöckiges Gebäude. Zuerst dachten wir es sei ein großer Vogel oder ein Flecken Schnee, aber als wir näher kamen erkannten wir, dass es ein Eisbär war."-
.
Describing the moment the passengers realised they were seeing a bear on the cliff on one of the Ostrova Oranskie islands, Mr Coker, ..., said: ‘It was a really beautiful place ; very foggy, cool, and serene with a sky full of squawking birds.‘We rounded a corner and suddenly we could see this white blob at the top of some cliffs.‘The cliffs were at least as high as a five-storey building. At first we thought it might be a large bird or a snow patch but as we got nearer we realised it was a polar bear.‘

Was machst du denn hier?!
Der Bär nähert sich nistender Dickschnabellummen, deren Eier er zu erräubern versucht-
What are you doing here?!
The bear approches nesting Brunnich's Guillemots, whose eggs he hoped to scavange

DieVögel, die auf prekären Klippen nisten, hätten wohl zuallerletzt mit einem massigen, felsenerkletternden Eisbären als Besucher gerechnet. Und doch, so ein sperriges Tier hat es irgendwie geschafft, einen schroffen Abhang im entlegenen Nowaja Zemlya hoch-und herunterzukommen, einem Archipel, der zur russischen Arktis gehört. Das männliche Jungtiert riskierte Leib und Leben um an der ca. 90 m hohen Felswand auf Eierdiebstahl zu gehen, dort wo sich Hunderte von kreischenden Dickschnabellummen drängen.-

For birds nesting on a precarious cliff, the last visitor they might expect to see would be a hulking polar bear clambering down to join them.Yet this bulky beast somehow managed to descend a craggy precipice in Russia’s remote Arctic archipelago of Novaya Zemlya.The young male risked life and limb scavenging for eggs along the 300ft-high rock face thronged with hundreds of squawking Brunnich's Guillemots.

Manchmal verlor der Bär den Halt und musste unverrichteter Dinge erstmal wieder den Aufstieg antreten-
The bear eventually returned to the top after losing its footing a few too many times

"Jeder auf dem Boot war ruhig, wir saßen einfach nur da, voller Ehrfurcht." Trotz seines Draufgängertums, kehrte der Bär nach mehrmaligem Ausrutschen zurück an die Spitze der Klippe ohne eine volle Mahlzeit genossen zu haben. Zuvor waren der Gruppe auf Eisschollen jagende Eisbären in Bukhta Maka begegnet, nach zwei Reisetagen in denen kein Land zu sehen war.

Der amerikanische Fotograf Dylan Coker, der die unglaubliche Szene eingefangen hat, sagte: "Die Höhe, in der sich der Bär befand sowie die Steilheit der Felswand waren absolut erstaunlich. Jeder hatte Angst, er würde fallen. Jedes Mal, wenn der Bär dabei war auszurutschen, konnte man jemanden vom Boot nach Luft schnappen hören." Er rutschte ziemlich oft aus, an einem Punkt hatte er sich bereits gestreckt, um an die Eier eines Nests in seiner Reichweite zu kommen."
-

‘Everyone on the boat was quiet, we just sat there in awe.’ Despite its bravado, the bear returned to the top of the cliff without enjoying a full meal after losing its footing several times.Previously the group had encountered polar bears hunting on ice floes in Bukhta Maka, after journeying for two days without seeing land.

American photographer Dylan Coker, who captured the incredible scene, said: ‘The height that the bear was at and the sheerness of the cliff face were absolutely amazing,’ said the 40-year-old.
‘Everyone was terrified it was going to fall.‘Every so often there would be a gasp from someone on the boat when the bear slipped.‘It was slipping quite a bit and one point it was stretched right out to reach for eggs in a nest.’

Wieder weg:
Die Vögel
rasten jedes Mal die Klippen hinunter, sobald der Eisbär sich weiter nach unten wagte-

Gone again:
The birds raced down the cliff every time the polar bear ventured further down.

Der Eisbär vor seinem waghalsigen Abstieg
The polar bear before making his daring descent on one of the rocky Ostrova Oranskie Islands

Traditionell sitzen die Bären an einem Eisloch, darauf wartend dass eine Robbe ihren Kopf durchsteckt, so dass sie sie greifen können." Aber da es immer weniger Eis gibt, suchen sich die Bären alternative Nahrungsquellen und haben die Eier der Vögel entdeckt. Während der Expedition wurden die Touristen auch Zeugen von Bären, die Hunderte von Seemeilen hinaus aufs Meer schwammen. "Sie sind gewohnt, sich auf Eisschollen auszuruhen und von dort aus auf Jagd zu gehen, aber nun schwimmen die Bären herum bis sie erschöpft sind, dann ertrinken sie."-

‘Traditionally the bears sit by an air hole in the ice waiting for a seal to poke its head out so they can grab it.‘But because there's less and less ice, the bears are looking for alternative sources of food and have discovered the birds' eggs.’ During the expedition the tourists also witnessed bears swimming hundreds of miles out to sea. Mr Coker added: ‘They're used to resting on and hunting from ice floes but now the bears swim around until they are exhausted, then they drown.’

Polar bear habitat:
Russia's Arctic archipelago of Novaya Zemlya rocky Ostrova Oranskie Islands

Dies war das erste Mal, dass ein ziviles Schiff die Erlaubnis erhalten hat, in diesen Gewässern zu segeln, die auch Teil einer großen militärischen Zone ist.Bergig und geheimnisumwittert erstreckt sich der Archipel Nowaja Semlja 1000 km in einem verlängerter Halbmond zwischen der Barents-und Kara See und ist heute eine der am stärksten eingeschränkten und isoliertesten Regionen. Aurora Expeditions sicherte sich die erste Genehmigung unter der Bedingung, dass zwei Vertreter der Regierung als Aufpasser fungieren.Mr Coker sagt: "Wir hatten Glück dies gesehen zu haben. Wir hätten leicht an einem anderen Tag dort sein können, und wer weiß wie oft so etwas vorkommt.Ich werde nie den Tag vergessen, an dem ich einen Eisbären sah, der Jagd auf Eier auf einem Klippenrand macht. Ich hätte mir kein einzigartigeres Abenteuer vorstellen können. "

This was the first time a civilian boat has been granted permission to sail in these waters, which also forms part of a large military zone.Mountainous and shrouded in mystery, the Novaya Zemlya archipelago stretches 1000 km in an elongated crescent between the Barents and Kara seas.Today it remains one of Russia's most restricted and isolated regions.Aurora Expeditions secured the first permit on condition that two government representatives act as chaperones.Mr Coker added: ‘We were really lucky to have witnessed it.‘We could have easily been there on a different day and who knows how often this kind of thing occurs.‘I will never forget the day I watched a polar bear hunt for eggs on a cliff-edge.‘I couldn't have imagined a better or more unique adventure.’

Note:
This has been the second documented event, the first one was witnessed last year in Nanuvut/Canada at a site in Coats Island, where researchers had never seen similar scenes before, polar bears in that area had been seen in the area never before 2000. Although it is another proof of changing conditions due to climate change, it proves as well that polar bears have an incredible sense to adjust even in the most difficult circumstances.


Source:
- The bear who dared/ Daily Mail 30.08.2011 photos by Mr.Coker
- Arctic Summer Tales...Cliffhanger, Summer Diet...or just Socks on the Rocks/05.09.2010

Freitag, 11. Februar 2011

687 km in 232 Stunden....Swimming 427 miles in 9 days....Polar Bear 20741

Polar Bear 20741 swam 427 miles in 9 days/(this is not the bear of the story in this photo / Arctic Bear Productions)

Eisbärin schwimmt 687 Kilometer am Stück

Eisbären gelten als hervorragende Schwimmer. Völlig zu Recht, haben amerikanische Forscher erstmals belegen können. Ein Weibchen, das sie mit einem Sender versehen hatten, schwamm neun Tage lang ohne Pause und legte dabei eine Strecke von 687 Kilometern zurück.

“Diese Fähigkeit könnte dem Eisbär helfen, mit dem Rückgang des arktischen Meereises zurechtzukommen”, erklären George Durner vom US Geological Survey und seine Kollegen. Die Ausdauerleistung habe dem Weibchen allerdings einen hohen Preis abverlangt, berichten die Forscher im Fachblatt “Polar Biology”. Das Tier habe nicht nur viel Körpermasse verloren, sondern auch sein Junges.

Eisbären (Ursus maritimus) ernähren sich beinahe ausschließlich von Robben, die sie von der Meereisdecke aus jagen. Die Fläche insbesondere des alten, mehrjährigen Eises auf dem Nordpolarmeer hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten jedoch halbiert. Um mehr über die Konsequenzen zu erfahren, statteten Durner und Kollegen mehrere Tiere mit GPS-Sendern und mit Sensoren aus, die laufend die Temperatur in der Umgebung und unter der Haut maßen.

Das extrem ausdauernde Weibchen war im August 2008 in der Beaufortsee vor Alaska bzw. Kanada gefangen und mit Sender und Sensoren versehen worden, der Wiederfang erfolgte zwei Monate später. Die Auswertung der zwischenzeitlich gesammelten Daten ergab, dass das Tier zusätzlich zu seiner Marathon-Schwimmleistung eine Strecke von 1.800 Kilometern mal auf der Eisdecke, mal im Wasser zurückgelegt hatte. Seine Körpermasse nahm in dieser Zeit um mehr als ein Fünftel ab.

Dem Nutzen der großen Ausdauer angesichts der schwindenden Eisdecke stehen also hohe energetische Kosten und ein verminderter Fortpflanzungserfolg gegenüber, folgern Durner und seine Kollegen. Unter den harschen Bedingungen der Antarktis schafft es ohnehin nur die Hälfte des Eisbären-Nachwuchses bis zur Geschlechtsreife.

Forschung: George M. Durner, Steven C. Amstrup und Merav Ben-David, Alaska Science Center, US Geological Survey, Anchorage, und Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie; und andere.

Veröffentlichung Polar Biology, DOI 10.1007/s00300-010-0953-2

A skinny polar bear (not the one described in the story) that hauled itself onto a passing floe after being observed swimming in the open water off the coast of Alaska, far from the ice edge/ text & photo: Kieran Mulvaney

Polar bear swims for 9 days , pays heavy price...

"Researchers in Alaska have tracked a female polar bear swimming for 232 consecutive hours, during which time she covered 687 kilometers (427 miles) until she finally reached the sea ice of the Arctic Ocean. The finding underlines the enormous capacity of polaBild hinzufügenr bears to survive in the water, but also demonstrates the immense cost to them of having to do so for long periods. By the end of the ordeal, the bear had lost 22 percent of her body mass, and her yearling cub had apparently died.

Writing in the journal Polar Biology, George Durner of the United States Geological Survey and colleagues describe capturing an adult female bear and her cub on Alaska's Beaufort Sea coast in late August 2008. Around the adult's neck, the researchers placed a radio collar with GPS unit, satellite uplink, and an accelerometer to monitor the bear's activity rate independent of the GPS measurements. (She was one of 13 bears so equipped by the researchers that month.)

The bear weighed 226 kg (498 lbs), and the yearling weighed 159 kg (350 lbs). When the scientists found the bear again, two months later, she weighed just 177 kg (390 lbs) and was not lactating; the yearling was nowhere to be seen.

By analyzing the recovered data and overlaying the bear's movements with ice charts, Durner and colleagues deduced that on 25 August (two days after capture and release) she entered the water off the Beaufort Sea coast and swam north for nine days, before finally reaching sea ice. She then spent three days on the ice, another day swimming, and a further 49 days on the sea ice before being found again.

The researchers write that although polar bears are marine mammals, in that they derive their nutrition from the ocean (i.e. they eat seals), they are not aquatic mammals. They can swim reasonably well and survive for long periods in the water, but they pay a high energetic cost for doing so. (Durner and colleagues were unable to determine whether this particular bear had recovered some of her weight by eating seals after hauling out on to the ice, or whether her condition had continued to deteriorate, perhaps as a consequence of patrolling an area of ice that was not rich in hunting opportunities.)

The question might reasonably be asked: Why did the bear keep swimming? Why didn't she at some point turn around? The answer seems to be that, simply, late August is the period when polar bears in northern Alaska head north on to the sea ice, and that is what she was doing. It is what polar bears are programmed to do, and there is nothing in their mental toolkit that would lead them to believe that ice wouldn't be just around the figurative corner, as long as they headed in the right direction.

Which, for the great majority of the time that polar bears have been polar bears, has been a reasonable assumption. But in 2008, Arctic sea ice extent was the second-lowest on record, with losses particularly acute in the Beaufort Sea. At the time this bear and her cub took their plunge, the ice was well over 500 km (320 miles) north of the Alaska coast.

As Arctic sea ice continues to decline, situations such as that confronted by this female bear could become more common, with even more severe consequences, an observation previously made in a 2006 paper in Polar Biology. In that paper, Charles Monnett and Jeffrey Gleason reported that, during aerial observations from 1987 to 2003, they saw 315 polar bears, of which just 12 were in open water. All 315 bears were alive. But in 2004, they saw 55 bears, of which 51 were alive. Ten of those 51 were found in open water, as were all four of the dead bears. And while it could not be proven that those four bears had drowned, it could reasonably be inferred that they had died in the water.

Monnett and Gleason speculated that "mortalities due to offshore swimming during late-ice (or mild ice) years may be an important and unaccounted source of natural mortality," and suggested that "drowning-related deaths of polar bears may increase in the future if the observed trend of regression of pack ice and/or longer open water periods continues."

Shell Werbekampagne 2010/see ad here

Im Zusammenhang mit dieser Geschichte steht auch ein Aufruf, sich dafür einzusetzen, dass Shell's Vorhaben in der Arktis von Alaska nach Öl zu bohren, gestoppt wird. Und es gibt gute Nachrichten, denn am 3. Februar scheint Shell sein Vorhaben, bereits in diesem Sommer mit Bohrungen dort zu beginnen, nun zum 3. Mal hat aufs Eis legen müssen...

In the context of this story I got appeals to help stopping Shell to start with petrol drilling in Alaska. But at least since February 3 there is good news for the time being...

"Polar bears and other imperiled Arctic species got a reprieve today with Royal Dutch Shell's announcement that it will not go forward with plans this summer to drill in critical habitat for the polar bear in Alaska. Shell's drilling plans off the coast of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge have long been opposed by conservationists and native communities along the Alaska coast.

"The polar bear and other wildlife of Alaska's Arctic, as well as the local communities that depend upon a healthy ocean, were granted a well-deserved reprieve today," said Brendan Cummings, senior counsel at the Center for Biological Diversity. "Now, the Department of the Interior needs to turn that short-term reprieve into permanent protection of America's Arctic."

Today's announcement marks the third time that Shell's plans to drill in the Beaufort Sea have been put on hold in recent years. Drilling in 2007 and subsequent years was stopped by a federal court, which overturned the Interior Department's approval of Shell's exploration plan due to poor environmental review. Plans to drill in 2010 were suspended by Interior following the Deepwater Horizon disaster in the Gulf of Mexico. Shell's 2011 plan were put in doubt by an Environmental Protection Agency appeals-board decision overturning a necessary air permit, as well as the recent designation of polar bear critical habitat in the drilling area.

Oil development in the Arctic remains a dangerous proposition because no technologies exist to clean up oil spills in icy waters.

"Rather than revisiting the decision year after year on whether Shell and others can drill in the Arctic, the Department of the Interior needs to acknowledge the reality that it is impossible to clean up an oil spill in the Arctic, and simply pull this region off the table permanently for oil development," said Cummings.

Shell also has plans to drill in the adjacent Chukchi Sea next year. The Chukchi is also critical habitat for polar bears, as well as home to the Pacific walrus. Interior is scheduled to announce in the coming days whether walrus should also be listed under the Endangered Species Act."

Source:
- Eisbärin schwimmt 687 km am Stück/Scienceticker Umwelt 25.01.2011
-
Polar Bear swims for 9 days,pays heavy price /Disvovery news - Kieran Mulvaney 26.01.2011 - Polar Bear's long swim illustrate ice melt/ Los Angeles Times - Kim Murphy 29.01.2011
-
Researchers witness polar bear's epic search for ice/ red orbit 26.01.2011
-
GPS tracks 9-day polar bear's swim/GPS Tracking News 09.02.2011
-
Polar Bear Swim covers 426 miles/Juneau Blogger.com 05.02.2011

Related to Shell's drilling plans & lobbying campaingn in the Arctic:
- Future plans for offshore drilling in the ractic could prove to be disastrous/Defenders of Wildlife 17.06.2010
-
Don't be fooled by Shell's Arctic ads/Greenwash 15.11.2010
-
Shell presses for Drilling in Arctic/ The New York Times 05.11.2010
-
Shell halts plans to Drill in Heart of Polar Bear's Alaska Habitat/Yuba Net.com /Center for Biological Diversity 03.02.2011

Mittwoch, 9. Dezember 2009

Global Warming...and Infanticide & Cannibalism Part 3

This is an article I found in the photo blog of Ian Williams. It is another account of what did happen this year in Churchill-Manitoba. I have decided to post 2 of Ian Williams photos here, as I find it crucial to observe with our own eyes what is going on, it is one thing to talk about cannibalism or infanticide in polar bears connected to global warming, and another thing to see and to feel the whole tragic when watching the photos... Most of us will never have the opportunity to visit the polar bears when they are waiting for the ice to freeze, so the accounts and images of those who have had the opportunity are our only source...as long as polar bears can't speak up for themselves...

"Polar Bear Infanticide & Cannibalism on the Arctic Ice - Global Warming

I've just returned from a few weeks in the Arctic observing polar bears (Ursus martimus).
As many as 12 bears were observed at any one time which included large males, females, and females with cubs (1st and 2nd year). I also sighted Arctic Fox, Arctic Hare, Silver and Cross Fox, and Rock Ptarmigans.

Photographs were taken in an assortment of conditions ranging from almost balmy conditions in full sun to downright frigid temperatures with 50 knot blizzard winds and falling snow.

Bear Congregation Waits for Ice to Form

From October to November there are many bears that have migrated from the more southerly regions to the shores of Hudson Bay; they are very hungry and have not fed for most of the summer. The congregation is waiting for the sea ice to form to allow them to roam widely to feed upon their favourite prey - the ringed seal.

Lack of Sea Ice

One of the most striking observations I made was the lack of solid sea ice. Although the ice was slowly forming, it was still what they call grease ice, which is ice that is not suitable for the bears to traverse safely any great distance from the shoreline. The sea ice is paramount to the bear's survival as without the ice formation the bears cannot move onto the bay to track and feed on seals.

Cannibalism

On one day we observed a male polar bear feeding upon what appeared to be some type of carrion - perhaps a seal or a other small animal. However, upon closer inspection it was revealed that the small carcass was not a seal but rather a baby first year polar bear. The location of the feeding male was given away by two ravens which could be seen from some distance jumping and flying about.

Circling the male was a female bear which appeared to be in obvious distress. The female was not walking as polar bears usually do - steadily and surely, but instead had a stiff gait and was walking erratically. Further, the bear's head was swaying from side to side and the mother was making low vocalisations.

Although cannibalism is not unheard of in the animal world, it isn't commonly observed amongst polar bears. There are several hypothesis for cannibalism, however, all are unfounded. Perhaps the male bear is removing future competition by killing the cub, or is killing the cub to cause the female mother to become 'available" again for mating. Although these are plausible reasons, it's more likely that the male bear was exceptionally hungry and seized the opportunity for nutritional gain by feeding upon the cub. As mentioned earlier the bears are congregating to feed on ringed seals on the ice. If the ice is not forming earlier enough, then the hungry bears become starved and after reaching such a poor condition may seek alternate prey such as young bear cubs or other animals.

Of interest is that the male bear did not consume the liver of the cub. This is because the liver of a polar bear is toxic. How did the male know the liver was toxic?

Major Concern

What's a major concern is that this cannibalistic behaviour may become more prevalent if conditions favourable for ice formation are delayed, leading to fewer recruitment of a species that is already in decline.

Scientists have documented the gradual reduction and delay in sea ice formation for several years and although some proponents believe this to be a normal event, others believe the cause maybe global warming. Whatever the cause, the results speak for themselves - sea ice is not forming as rapidly or as extensively as it did.

Please note that this image is being posted NOT to discriminate or advance the perception that polar bears are fearless and uncaring predators, but to highlight a concern that global warming is altering the behaviour of specific species.

As I get time I will post a series of images I have photographed of the event.

For more information on the plight of the polar bear, please visit Polar Bears International"

Source & photo credits:
- Again: This article has been published by Ian Williams in his photo blog Anaspides, where you will find more photos.

As long as there is the Copenhagen Conference I will post more often articles concerning the effects of global warming, I did it in the past, I will do it in the future but now I just do it more frequently...

Montag, 7. Dezember 2009

Copenhagen...Climate Change, Polar Bears & Cannibalism..Part 2

Polar bear sculpture shapes climate change concern
CBSNews article Part 2, see first part here

Polar bear image being exploited?

"However, there are critics.

Jose Kusugak heads the Kivalliq Inuit Association in Rankin Inlet, Nunavut, and doesn't believe polar bears are at risk or in decline. And he doesn't like to see them used to generate sympathy for the cause.

"I have no doubt that the polar bear image is being exploited. They seem to have to use a nice-looking animal to get more money for their cause, so that's why they're using the polar bear," he said.

Coreth said his project isn't political, even though it's funded by the World Wildlife Fund and associated with Polar Bears International, a non-profit organization dedicated to the worldwide conservation of polar bears and their habitat.

The message, he said, should transcend politics.

"We can stop this process if we get ourselves in order," he said about climate change.

A recent report from Polar Bears International suggested the late formation of Arctic sea ice might be forcing some hungry and desperate polar bears in Churchill to resort to cannibalism.

Eight cases of mature male polar bears eating bear cubs have been reported this year among the animals around Churchill, according to scientists.

But Kusugak said the incidents are non-events, and it's wrong to connect the bears' behaviour with starvation. He said it's a normal occurrence among the bears.

Kusugak admitted some communities are having polar bear problems because warmer-than-average temperatures mean sea ice hasn't yet formed properly.

But he disagrees their numbers are dwindling or that polar bears are in other danger because of climate change."

Reading this, I want to make you aware of another article a Canadian friend sent me some days ago, but find here the blog entry of JoAnne Simerson from San Diego from her latest visit in Churchill/Manitoba...Thanks to Diane who made me aware of it too.

Polar Bears: Tundra Heartbreak
Posted at 10:55 am November 27, 2009 by JoAnne Simerson

JoAnne is in Churchill, Manitoba, Canada, to study polar bears.

I will open by telling you that this story will break your heart. Please know this will not be easy to read, but it is a story that needs to be told.

On November 20 here in Churchill, just east of Gordon Point, we saw the tragic loss of a 11-month-old cub and the grieving of the loss by its mother. We did not witness the actual death but the aftermath: a young adult female with her cub was attacked by an adult male polar bear. The female lost the battle as the large male overpowered her and killed her cub. Valiantly she charged him and tried to get her cub back, but it was too late.

Soon other bears arrived in the area, but the large male prevailed and began to consume the small body in a hill of willow bushes. Still the mother continued to wander the area with every hope of saving her cub. The male eventually moved the small body out to the coast where the mother had less opportunity to charge him, but he left much of the pelt behind.

The mother continued to circle the male, risking even more harm from the other bears gathering if not from the male. Eventually she moved back to the willows, desperately searching for her cub. What she found was the pelt.

She picked the pelt up in her mouth, carrying it and swinging her head side to side, a behavior that bears do in extreme stress. The mother charged at the other bears, never dropping her precious possession. She wandered in this manner for a long time. We left her at dark still very unsettled, but she had finally placed her cub’s remains near a willow bush, protected from the wind.

It was indeed heartbreaking. We don’t really understand why this sometimes happens. But in my nine years of visiting Churchill, it is the first time I have seen this. Many of my colleagues who have been here for decades have not witnessed this. We don’t know why, but this is the third cub death this year caused by another bear. I can only hope this is not a sign of what is to come as we lose yet more ice to our warming climate.

JoAnne Simerson is a senior keeper at the San Diego Zoo.

Source & photo credits: JoAnne Simerson's blog

Related article: The Star.com/28.11.2009

Sonntag, 6. Dezember 2009

Bears not only in the freezer: The Ice Bear Project ...Copenhagen & London

'When the skeleton begins to appear, it's going to become terrifying.'—Sculptor Mark Coreth

"Of all species in the history of life on this planet, there has been one whose ability to leave its mark has been like no other... Us! With the application of our brains and the use of our hands, we have sculpted this world and our endeavour has covered its surface, from the deserts to the Poles.

Along with tools for cutting and clearing, our ancestors shaped artifacts, to help express their place and their struggle. Human hands created the incised mammoth tusk, the cave paintings, the carved offerings, and across tens of thousands of years, these still appeal to our senses and communicate ideas. These hands, which can over exploit our world, can also capture its essence and that essence, characterised as art, touches our emotions and can change us.

So, at a time, when through science, evidence of humankind's extraordinary destructive ability is being revealed, it is through art that we can express our emotional response. "(extract from The Ice Bear Project)

Polar bear sculpture shapes climate change concern

"A British sculptor carving a polar bear out of ice, with a bronze skeleton inside, hopes to make a powerful environmental message when the Arctic animal art piece melts.

Mark Coreth started creating the ice polar bear on Friday in Kongens Nytorv Square in Copenhagen, Denmark, close to where nearly 20,000 people are expected to attend the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) from Dec. 7 to 18.

Coreth got the idea after visiting Churchill, Man., in November, and observing the bears and the sea ice.

He said he was struck by the plight of the animals due to climate change, and became convinced "that we have got to do something about this and do it quick."

At 1.8 metres, the bear sculpture will be the same height as the average thickness of the floating sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as measured during the Catlin Arctic Survey earlier this year, he said.

Observers will be encouraged to be interactive with the sculpture, he added, saying that anyone who touches it will help change the shape and "represent the human aspect of warming the planet.

"We hope that this creative act will bring home to each person how humanity has the power to affect the delicate balance of nature," he said.

Coreth doesn't know how long it will take for the ice bear to melt into a pool of water, but as it does, he hopes it will send a message to the world.

"When the skeleton begins to appear, it's going to become terrifying. When the bronze appears, it is going to take warmth through the skeleton and melt that ice even more," he said. "That is akin to a lack of ice in the arctic north — the deep, dark ocean absorbs heat and continues to melt it."

Coreth said his idea has been strongly supported by Arctic scientists and researchers.

"It's extraordinary how the scientists, every one of them, have come up and said this is the message we want people to have, we want to tell people this," he said. "They've given it a complete blessing."

Coreth also has the support of federal Liberal David McGuinty, Canada's critic for energy and the environment, who will be in Copenhagen as part of this country's official delegation at the conference.

He hopes it'll shame the Harper government into signing onto a global climate deal to succeed the Kyoto Protocol.

"There's no doubt in my mind that Canada has moved from leader to laggard on the international scene," McGuinty said.

(read full CBS article here, there is a second part on which I will refer in a second posting)

And here a BBC article about Mark Coreth , his bears, his projects and his vision... By the way, he is not only on his own , there are Ice Bear People linked to the Ice Bear Project.

The man with bears in the freezer
Sarah Jones/3 November 2009
BBC

In amongst the broad beans and vegetable samosas, in a freezer in North London, are the latest creations of Wiltshire sculptor Mark Coreth.

Coreth isn't known for doing things by halves.

Back in 2007 he got his chainsaw around a mountain of polystyrene blocks to create a jumbo-sized (literally) African bull elephant in his garden.

Two years on and he's got another supersized project on the go, a life-sized ice bear on Trafalgar Square.

Few sculptors can boast a massive three-ton white African bull elephant, in their back garden, let alone two 12 foot long hunting polar bears in the freezer.

Polar bear skeletons in the freezer

But as of last month, Mark Coreth can when his latest creations - two Arctic bear bronze skeletons - went on ice in an industrial-sized freezer somewhere in North London.

It's the extreme sculptor's latest project that will see Trafalgar Square's Northern Terrace playing host to a prowling ice bear in the run-up to Christmas:

"What in fact I'm doing," says Mark, "is to combine bronze and ice in a piece that I hope is going to be incredibly powerful.

"I'm going to carve the polar bear in ice. It will essentially be an ice bear and as the ice melts it will reveal a skeleton, a pool of water and a very powerful message."

It was back in 2007 that Mark made his first trip to the Arctic and witnessed first-hand the receding sea ice and the effects of global warming on the Arctic's polar bears. It was then that he decided to bring the Arctic to the world:

"I was sitting on the sea ice with this enormous and beautiful iceberg that had been born thousands of years back. And lo and behold along comes a daft little sculptor from Tisbury, with an ice axe, who starts to chip a polar bear out of it.

"That's when I thought 'wow' this is incredibly exciting. A little bit like graffiti a little bit naughty but very sculpturally pleasing."

With the idea of a life-size polar bear sculpture, hewn out of a block of white ice, Mark approached an ice sculpting firm in Wimbledon to get to grips with the techniques of ice sculpting.

But learning to get a chisel around a giant ice cube has been the least of his problems. And in fact creating a giant ice cube, big enough to chisel a polar bear out of, has been far from straight forward:

"Although it's taking six weeks to freeze, it's relatively quick frozen," says Mark.

"But the ice doesn't just freeze beautifully from inside outwards. So unless you keep that water moving, breaking it up and topping it up slowly you'll actually end up with a huge box of ice water."

Chainsaw massacre on Trafalgar Square

But leaking tanks and runny ice aside, the ice bears are now safely on ice in an enormous industrial warehouse freezer amongst, as Mark puts it, millions of broad beans, prawns and an unbelievable number of boxes of vegetable samosas.

With one ice bear destined for the World Wildlife Fund's Big Tent exhibition in Copenhagen, on 5 December, and the other for the North Terrace of Trafalgar Square on Friday 11 December, Mark has his work cut out for him. Especially when he's being restricted, by Westminster, with what he uses to cut his work:

"To some extent the initial carve will be done with a chain saw but apparently," admits Mark, "Westminster is a little windy of me having a chainsaw massacre on Trafalgar Square.

"So I think I'm restricted to my chisel."

Armed with just his simple long-handled ice chisel, albeit with a blade sharp enough to shave with, Mark will be whittling a 12 foot long and 6 foot high striding 'big beastie' not only in front of the National gallery but in front of a crowd as well:

"I'm going to have a crack at doing it as fast as I possibly can," says Mark. "I'm hoping within the day but I do work quite fast. It will be a whole day of sculpting in a slightly theatrical way.

"It's actually visually beautiful because you've got this very sharp ice chisel and sort of slicing through it and particles of ice flying everywhere and as you carve another bit away you're revealing this bear."

Sculpting in underpants

But with the cost of freezing giant polar bear sized blocks of ice making test runs out of the question, it's not only going to be, as Mark puts, a little bit of belt and braces but hard graft as well:

"On the square at 7am," says Mark, "and as far as I'm aware the press invading come midday. So there's a pretty major time limit.

"And it is a high energy form of work and I think you may well find me stripped down to my underpants but I promise to go no further."

With planning permission for the polar bear skeleton to remain on the square for just 10 days, and no idea of how long it will take for the ice bear to melt, Mark is keen to re-incarnate his ice bear in squares around the world:

"I'm hoping to send the skeleton to different cities around the world," says Mark, "where we'll go through the same process.

"Imagine if we can get a bear in Red Square, a bear in Tiananmen Square and to finish off at the Olympics in London would be, I think, very poignant."

If you want to see Mark Coreth in action, head down to Trafalgar Square from 7am onwards on Friday 11 December. Or if you'd like to get your hands on the ice bear, and Mark is keen to get thousands of people touching it, then the ice bear or ice bear skeleton will be on the Northern Terrace for a further 10 days.


Sources: CBSNews & BBC Wiltshire

Related :

-Mark Coreth's website , Ice Bear Project & Blog
-Mark Coreth's Ice Bear Projects:
Copenhagen & London (Dec 11/Trafalgar Square)

-Kurzmeldung zum Projekt Kopenhagen auf Deutsch hier/5.Dezember

Ulli J hat im Knutitis-Forum eine tolle deutsche Übersetzung des CBSNews-Artikels gepostet, ein Video von der Kopenhagen-Aktion gibt es hier!

Dienstag, 3. Februar 2009

Treibende Eisbären auch in London...Melting ice cups and floating polar bears in London

Treibende Eisbären auf der Themse machen Öffentlichkeitsarbeit. Friedlicher Protest gegen die Klimaerwärmung und ihre Folgen, die den Lebensraum und die Eisbären gefährden....- eine Aktion am 26.Januar in London eines neuen Fernsehkanals.To celebrate the launching of a new TV station, the network built a 16-foot-high sculpture of a mother polar bear and her cub stranded on an iceberg. Also meant to increase awareness about the plight of the polar bear and their dwindling habitat as a result of climate change, the sculpture was sent on January 26 to float down the Thames river.
The 1.5-ton sculpture was created by a team of 15 artists, who worked for 2 months to create the 20-feet by 20-feet sculpture. The mamma bear and her cub started their journey at 6:30 am and traveled for 7.5 miles to reach their destination...

More about the floating polar bears, you find here ...
Text and photo source here where you can even find a video

Danke für's Finden, UlliJ!

Donnerstag, 29. Januar 2009

Der Kaiser der Pinguine...The Emperor of the Penguins...

...ist vor dem Aussterben bedroht....-
...is as species endangered...

"Kaiserpinguine könnten schon im Jahr 2100 vom Aussterben bedroht sein, falls das antarktische Seeeis entsprechend den aktuellen Vorhersagen abschmilzt. Nach einer Studie der Ökologin Stephanie Jenouvrier von der amerikanischen Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution setzt der Klimawandel den Kaiserpinguinen bald ernsthaft zu. Demnach liegt die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass der Bestand der Kaiserpinguine (Aptenodytes forsteri) bis zum Ende dieses Jahrhunderts um mindestens 95 Prozent abnimmt, bei beinahe 40 Prozent.

Grundlage der Prognose waren die Zahlen von Bestandsaufnahmen der Kaiserpinguine im antarktischen Adelieland zwischen den Jahren 1962 bis 2005. Die Wissenschaftler um Jenouvrier stellten fest, dass häufige Warmwetterphasen das Wachstum der Pinguinpopulation dramatisch verringerten. Diesen Zusammenhang übertrugen sie auf die Vorhersagen des Weltklimarats (IPCC). Nimmt der Packeisgürtel um die Antarktis gemäß dessen Vorhersagen ab, so werden im Jahr 2100 von den aktuell 6000 nur mehr etwa 400 brütende Paare übrig sein.
Kaiserpinguine – bekannt für ihre langen Wanderungen zwischen Brut- und Nahrungsplätzen ­ nutzen das geschlossene Seeeis zur Fortpflanzung und Aufzucht der Jungen. Zur Nahrungssuche begeben sie sich an die Packeisgrenze. Ein frühes Aufbrechen oder völliges Fehlen des Eises würde die Fortpflanzungsraten dramatisch senken und den Pinguinen ihre Nahrungsgrundlage entziehen. Der einzige Ausweg für die flugunfähigen Seevögel bestünde in schnellen Anpassungen, beispielsweise durch eine frühere Brutperiode oder das Abwandern in andere Brutgebiete. Bisher erwiesen sich die langlebigen Tiere aber als wenig anpassungsfähig, schreiben die Wissenschaftler." (Focus)



Please find English story here: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Photo (copyrighted) credits: Erich Wilts
He and his wife Heide, are probably German's most known circumnavigators who have become experts on the Arctic world...Their boat Freydis took them more than once from pole to pole. I will introduce you to them and their marvellous photos and reports soon...Thank you , Erich and Heide, for letting me use your photos!

Hier und hier gibt es mehr zum Thema
Related:Read more...and more

Donnerstag, 8. Mai 2008

Knut and new kids on the blog ....

Indian Ocean greets the Arctic!
See here, Arctic Time with Leaf - they are all in there ...Knut, Wilbär, Flocke and the Olinka twins still without names...WOW! And it's about global warming too....

Indischer Ozean grüßt die Arktis!
Hier geht's mit Leaf zu Knut, Wilbär (Stuttgart), Flocke (Nürnberg) und den Zwillingen von Olinka aus Wien, und noch immer ohne Namen, in die Arktis gegen die Klimaerwärmung....

Just found on the Internet...gerade im Internet gefunden....